|
|
MORPHOLOGY-BASED IDENTIFICATION TO OUV OF HULAND ITS GEOGRAPHICAL PROCESS:A CASE OF KULING TOWN, LUSHAN |
XIONG Xiao1, DAI Ying1, SONG Feng1, LU Ye2, ZHU Dong-e3 |
1. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
2. Cultural Sector, UNESCO Beijing Office, Beijing 100871, China;
3. Administration of Mount Lushan Scenic Area, Jiujiang 332900, China |
|
|
Abstract On 10th November, 2011, UNESCO's General Conference adopted the new Recommendation on Historic Urban Landscape (HUL). This paper firstly traced the history of the concept Historic Urban Landscape as a term in the field of heritage and the conservation process of this type of heritage in China so as to reveal the drawbacks of current approaches and necessity of referring to academic researches on urban landscape. Then typical and significant international and domestic researches in this respect are outlined and compared in the second part, after which the approach of Conzenian School of urban morphology is considered to be most supportive in terms of the heritage value identification and conservation of Historic Urban Landscape. In the third part, the methodology of Conzenian approach is further illustrated, including theoretically its inspiration to the relationship between urban landscape process and its heritage value, and practically the approach of morphological period and morphological units. In the fourth part, this approach is illustrated by the case of Kuling Town, which was inscribed on theWorld Heritage List as Cultural Landscape in 1996.
|
Received: 03 November 2015
|
|
|
|
[4] |
Hillier B, Hanson J. The Social Logic of Space[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984:1-296.
|
[11] |
Conzen M R G. Alnwick, Northumberland: A Study in Town-plan Analysis[M]. London: George Philip, 1960:1-122.
|
[1] |
史艳慧,代莹,谢凝高.文化景观:学术溯源与遗产保护实践[J].中国 园林,2014,30(11):78-81. [Shi Yanhui, Dai Ying, Xie Ninggao. Cultural landscape: From academic origin to protection of world heritage[J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2014,30(11):78-81.]
|
[5] |
Hillier B. Space Is the Machine[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996:1-480.
|
[12] |
Whitehand J W R. The Changing Face of Cities[M]. Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd, 1987:1-189.
|
[2] |
Larkham P J, Jones A N. A Glossary of Urban Form[M]. London: Institute of British Geographers Publication, 1989:1-8.
|
[6] |
凯文·林奇.城市意象[M].方益萍,何晓军,译.北京:华夏出版社, 2001:37. [Lynch K. The Image of the City[M]. Fang Yiping, He Xaiojun, trans. Beijing: Huaxia Publishing House, 2001:37.]
|
[13] |
赵正之.元大都平面规划复原的研究[G]//《建筑史专辑》编辑委员 会.科技史文集.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1979:14-27. [Zhao Zhengzhi. Restoration of the plan of Beijing city in the Yuan dynasty[G]//Compiling Committee of Architecture History Collection. History of Technology Collection. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers, 1979:14-27.]
|
[3] |
Gauthier P, Gilliland J. Mapping urban morphology: A classification scheme for interpreting contributions to the study of urban form[J]. Urban Morphology, 2006,10(1):41-50.
|
[7] |
拉普卜特.建成环境的意义——非语言表达方法[M].黄兰谷,译.北 京:中国建筑工业出版社,1992:1-242. [Rapoport A. The Meaning of the Built Environment: A Nonverbal Communication Approach[M]. Huang Langu, trans. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 1992:1-242.]
|
[14] |
宿白.现代城市中古代城址的初步考查[J].文物,2001(1):56-63.[Su Bai. Exploring ancient city in modern city[J]. Cultural Relics, 2001(1):56-63.]
|
[4] |
Hillier B, Hanson J. The Social Logic of Space[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984:1-296.
|
[8] |
刘易斯·芒福德.城市发展史[M].倪文彦,宋峻岭,译.北京:中国建筑 工业出版社,1989:1-242. [Lewis Murnford. The City in History[M]. Ni Wenyan, Song Junling, trans. Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 1989:1-242.]
|
[15] |
徐苹芳.现代城市中的古代城市遗痕[C]//《远望集》编委会.远望集 ——陕西省考古研究所华诞四十周年纪念文集(下).西安:陕西人 民美术出版社,1998:695-699. [Xu Pingfang.The vestige of ancient cities in modern cities[C]//Compilation Committee of Yuanwangji. Yuanwangji: 40th Anniversary Collection of Shanxi Archaeology Team(II). Xi'an: Shanxi Renminmeishu Press, 1988:695-699.]
|
[5] |
Hillier B. Space Is the Machine[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996:1-480.
|
[9] |
Vance J E. The Continuing City: Urban Morphology in Western Civilization[M]. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990:1-543.
|
[16] |
侯仁之.北京城的生命印记[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店, 2009:43-48. [Hou Renzhi. Living Memory of Beijing City[M]. Beijing: SDX Joint Publishing Company, 2009:43-48.]
|
[6] |
凯文·林奇.城市意象[M].方益萍,何晓军,译.北京:华夏出版社, 2001:37. [Lynch K. The Image of the City[M]. Fang Yiping, He Xaiojun, trans. Beijing: Huaxia Publishing House, 2001:37.]
|
[10] |
Caniggia G, Maffei G L. Architectural Composition and Building Typology: Interpreting Basic Building[M]. Firenze: Alinea Editrice, 2001:1-252.
|
[17] |
侯仁之,岳升阳.北京宣南历史地图集[K].北京:学苑出版社,2008: 1-208. [Hou Renzhi, Yue Shengyang. Historical Atlas of Xuannan Area in Beijing[K]. Beijing: Xueyuan Press, 2008:1-208.]
|
[7] |
拉普卜特.建成环境的意义——非语言表达方法[M].黄兰谷,译.北 京:中国建筑工业出版社,1992:1-242. [Rapoport A. The Meaning of the Built Environment: A Nonverbal Communication Approach[M]. Huang Langu, trans. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 1992:1-242.]
|
[11] |
Conzen M R G. Alnwick, Northumberland: A Study in Town-plan Analysis[M]. London: George Philip, 1960:1-122.
|
[18] |
邓辉.卡尔·苏尔的文化生态学理论与实践[J].地理研究,2003,22 (5):625-634. [Deng Hui. On Sauer's theory and practice in cultural ecology[J]. Geographical Research, 2003,22(5):625-634.]
|
[8] |
刘易斯·芒福德.城市发展史[M].倪文彦,宋峻岭,译.北京:中国建筑 工业出版社,1989:1-242. [Lewis Murnford. The City in History[M]. Ni Wenyan, Song Junling, trans. Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 1989:1-242.]
|
[12] |
Whitehand J W R. The Changing Face of Cities[M]. Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd, 1987:1-189.
|
[19] |
武进.中国城市形态结构,特征及其演变[M].南京:江苏科学技术 出版社,1990:1-362. [Wu Jin. The Morphology of Chinese Cities: Structure, Characteristics and Growth[M]. Nanjing: Jiangsu Science and Technology Press, 1990:1-362.]
|
[9] |
Vance J E. The Continuing City: Urban Morphology in Western Civilization[M]. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990:1-543.
|
[13] |
赵正之.元大都平面规划复原的研究[G]//《建筑史专辑》编辑委员 会.科技史文集.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1979:14-27. [Zhao Zhengzhi. Restoration of the plan of Beijing city in the Yuan dynasty[G]//Compiling Committee of Architecture History Collection. History of Technology Collection. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers, 1979:14-27.]
|
[20] |
胡俊.中国城市:模式与演进[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1995: 1-188. [Hu Jun. Chinese Cities: Their Evolution and Patterns[M]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 1995:1-188.]
|
[10] |
Caniggia G, Maffei G L. Architectural Composition and Building Typology: Interpreting Basic Building[M]. Firenze: Alinea Editrice, 2001:1-252.
|
[14] |
宿白.现代城市中古代城址的初步考查[J].文物,2001(1):56-63.[Su Bai. Exploring ancient city in modern city[J]. Cultural Relics, 2001(1):56-63.]
|
[21] |
顾朝林,丁金宏,陈田,等.中国大城市边缘区研究[M].北京:科学出 版社,1995:1-163. [Gu Chaolin, Ding Jinhong, Chen Tian, et al. Research on the Fringe Area of Mega-Cities in China[M]. Beijing: China Science Publishing & Media Ltd, 1995:1-163.]
|
[11] |
Conzen M R G. Alnwick, Northumberland: A Study in Town-plan Analysis[M]. London: George Philip, 1960:1-122.
|
[15] |
徐苹芳.现代城市中的古代城市遗痕[C]//《远望集》编委会.远望集 ——陕西省考古研究所华诞四十周年纪念文集(下).西安:陕西人 民美术出版社,1998:695-699. [Xu Pingfang.The vestige of ancient cities in modern cities[C]//Compilation Committee of Yuanwangji. Yuanwangji: 40th Anniversary Collection of Shanxi Archaeology Team(II). Xi'an: Shanxi Renminmeishu Press, 1988:695-699.]
|
[22] |
齐康.城市的形态:研究提纲初稿[J].城市规划,1982,12(6):16-25.[Qi Kang. The morphology of cities: An outline of research[J]. City Planning Review, 1982,12(6):16-25.]
|
[12] |
Whitehand J W R. The Changing Face of Cities[M]. Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd, 1987:1-189.
|
[16] |
侯仁之.北京城的生命印记[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店, 2009:43-48. [Hou Renzhi. Living Memory of Beijing City[M]. Beijing: SDX Joint Publishing Company, 2009:43-48.]
|
[23] |
阮仪三,邵甬,林林.江南水乡城镇的特色,价值及保护[J].城市规 划汇刊,2002(1):1-4. [RuanYisan, Shao Yong, Lin Lin. The characteristics, values and the preservation planning of the towns in Jiangnan water region[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2002(1):1-4.]
|
[13] |
赵正之.元大都平面规划复原的研究[G]//《建筑史专辑》编辑委员 会.科技史文集.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1979:14-27. [Zhao Zhengzhi. Restoration of the plan of Beijing city in the Yuan dynasty[G]//Compiling Committee of Architecture History Collection. History of Technology Collection. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers, 1979:14-27.]
|
[17] |
侯仁之,岳升阳.北京宣南历史地图集[K].北京:学苑出版社,2008: 1-208. [Hou Renzhi, Yue Shengyang. Historical Atlas of Xuannan Area in Beijing[K]. Beijing: Xueyuan Press, 2008:1-208.]
|
[24] |
阮仪三,邵甬.精益求精返璞归真——周庄古镇保护规划[J].城市 规划,1999(7):53-56. [RuanYisan, Shao Yong. Meticulous work back to nature: Conservation planning of Zhouzhuang historical town[J]. City Planning Review, 1999(7):53-56.]
|
[14] |
宿白.现代城市中古代城址的初步考查[J].文物,2001(1):56-63.[Su Bai. Exploring ancient city in modern city[J]. Cultural Relics, 2001(1):56-63.]
|
[18] |
邓辉.卡尔·苏尔的文化生态学理论与实践[J].地理研究,2003,22 (5):625-634. [Deng Hui. On Sauer's theory and practice in cultural ecology[J]. Geographical Research, 2003,22(5):625-634.]
|
[25] |
王景慧.历史文化名城的保护内容及方法[J].城市规划,1996(1): 15-17. [Wang Jinghui. Conservation contents and methods of chinese historical and cultural cities[J]. City Planning Review, 1996(1): 15-17.]
|
[15] |
徐苹芳.现代城市中的古代城市遗痕[C]//《远望集》编委会.远望集 ——陕西省考古研究所华诞四十周年纪念文集(下).西安:陕西人 民美术出版社,1998:695-699. [Xu Pingfang.The vestige of ancient cities in modern cities[C]//Compilation Committee of Yuanwangji. Yuanwangji: 40th Anniversary Collection of Shanxi Archaeology Team(II). Xi'an: Shanxi Renminmeishu Press, 1988:695-699.]
|
[19] |
武进.中国城市形态结构,特征及其演变[M].南京:江苏科学技术 出版社,1990:1-362. [Wu Jin. The Morphology of Chinese Cities: Structure, Characteristics and Growth[M]. Nanjing: Jiangsu Science and Technology Press, 1990:1-362.]
|
[26] |
王景慧.历史文化村镇的保护与规划[J].小城镇建设,2010(4):44-49. [Wang Jinghui. Conservation and planning of historical and cultural towns and villages[J]. Development of Small Cities & Towns, 2010(4):44-49.]
|
[16] |
侯仁之.北京城的生命印记[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店, 2009:43-48. [Hou Renzhi. Living Memory of Beijing City[M]. Beijing: SDX Joint Publishing Company, 2009:43-48.]
|
[20] |
胡俊.中国城市:模式与演进[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1995: 1-188. [Hu Jun. Chinese Cities: Their Evolution and Patterns[M]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 1995:1-188.]
|
[27] |
张松.日本历史环境保护的理论与实践[J].清华大学学报(自然科 学版),2000(S1):44-48. [Zhang Song. Theory and practice of historic environment preservation in Japan[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology), 2000(S1):44-48.]
|
[17] |
侯仁之,岳升阳.北京宣南历史地图集[K].北京:学苑出版社,2008: 1-208. [Hou Renzhi, Yue Shengyang. Historical Atlas of Xuannan Area in Beijing[K]. Beijing: Xueyuan Press, 2008:1-208.]
|
[21] |
顾朝林,丁金宏,陈田,等.中国大城市边缘区研究[M].北京:科学出 版社,1995:1-163. [Gu Chaolin, Ding Jinhong, Chen Tian, et al. Research on the Fringe Area of Mega-Cities in China[M]. Beijing: China Science Publishing & Media Ltd, 1995:1-163.]
|
[28] |
张松.国外文物登录制度的特征与意义[J].新建筑,1999(1):31-35.[Zhang Song. Qualifications and significance of national register of cultural properties in foreign countries[J]. New Architecture, 1999 (1):31-35.]
|
[18] |
邓辉.卡尔·苏尔的文化生态学理论与实践[J].地理研究,2003,22 (5):625-634. [Deng Hui. On Sauer's theory and practice in cultural ecology[J]. Geographical Research, 2003,22(5):625-634.]
|
[22] |
齐康.城市的形态:研究提纲初稿[J].城市规划,1982,12(6):16-25.[Qi Kang. The morphology of cities: An outline of research[J]. City Planning Review, 1982,12(6):16-25.]
|
[29] |
张松,镇雪锋.历史性城市景观——一条通向城市保护的新路径[J].同济大学学报(社会科学版),2011,22(3):29-34. [Zhang Song, Zhen Xuefeng. Historic urban landscape: A new approach to urban conservation[J]. Journal of Tongji University (Social Science Section), 2011,22(3):29-34.]
|
[19] |
武进.中国城市形态结构,特征及其演变[M].南京:江苏科学技术 出版社,1990:1-362. [Wu Jin. The Morphology of Chinese Cities: Structure, Characteristics and Growth[M]. Nanjing: Jiangsu Science and Technology Press, 1990:1-362.]
|
[23] |
阮仪三,邵甬,林林.江南水乡城镇的特色,价值及保护[J].城市规 划汇刊,2002(1):1-4. [RuanYisan, Shao Yong, Lin Lin. The characteristics, values and the preservation planning of the towns in Jiangnan water region[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2002(1):1-4.]
|
[30] |
张兵.历史城镇整体保护中的关联性与系统方法——对历史性城 市景观概念的观察和思考[J]. 城市规划,2014,38(S2):42-48.[Zhang Bing. Correlativity and systematic approach in integral conservation of historic city: Understanding historic urban landscape in china's context[J]. City Planning Review, 2014,38(S2):42-48.]
|
[20] |
胡俊.中国城市:模式与演进[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1995: 1-188. [Hu Jun. Chinese Cities: Their Evolution and Patterns[M]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 1995:1-188.]
|
[24] |
阮仪三,邵甬.精益求精返璞归真——周庄古镇保护规划[J].城市 规划,1999(7):53-56. [RuanYisan, Shao Yong. Meticulous work back to nature: Conservation planning of Zhouzhuang historical town[J]. City Planning Review, 1999(7):53-56.]
|
[31] |
张松,镇雪锋.澳门历史性城市景观保护策略探讨[J].城市规划, 2014,38(S1):91-96. [Zhang Song, Zhen Xuefeng. Study on the conservation strategies for the historic urban landscapes in Macao[J]. City Planning Review, 2014,38(S1):91-96.]
|
[21] |
顾朝林,丁金宏,陈田,等.中国大城市边缘区研究[M].北京:科学出 版社,1995:1-163. [Gu Chaolin, Ding Jinhong, Chen Tian, et al. Research on the Fringe Area of Mega-Cities in China[M]. Beijing: China Science Publishing & Media Ltd, 1995:1-163.]
|
[25] |
王景慧.历史文化名城的保护内容及方法[J].城市规划,1996(1): 15-17. [Wang Jinghui. Conservation contents and methods of chinese historical and cultural cities[J]. City Planning Review, 1996(1): 15-17.]
|
[32] |
赵霞.基于历史性城市景观的浙北运河聚落整体性保护方法—— 以嘉兴名城保护规划为例[J].城市发展研究,2014,21(8):37-43.[Zhao Xia. The comprehensive protection approach for the grand canal settlements in north Zhejiang province based on the concept of historic urban landscape: A case study of Jiaxing[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2014,21(8):37-43.]
|
[22] |
齐康.城市的形态:研究提纲初稿[J].城市规划,1982,12(6):16-25.[Qi Kang. The morphology of cities: An outline of research[J]. City Planning Review, 1982,12(6):16-25.]
|
[26] |
王景慧.历史文化村镇的保护与规划[J].小城镇建设,2010(4):44-49. [Wang Jinghui. Conservation and planning of historical and cultural towns and villages[J]. Development of Small Cities & Towns, 2010(4):44-49.]
|
[33] |
杨涛.历史性城镇景观视角下的街区保护方法探索——以拉萨八 廓街保护实践为例[J].城市规划通讯,2015(4):15-16. [Yang Tao. Conservation method exploration under the perspective of historic urban landscape: Case study of Bakuo Street conservation practice in Lhasa[J]. Urban Planning Newsreport, 2015(4):15-16.]
|
[23] |
阮仪三,邵甬,林林.江南水乡城镇的特色,价值及保护[J].城市规 划汇刊,2002(1):1-4. [RuanYisan, Shao Yong, Lin Lin. The characteristics, values and the preservation planning of the towns in Jiangnan water region[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2002(1):1-4.]
|
[27] |
张松.日本历史环境保护的理论与实践[J].清华大学学报(自然科 学版),2000(S1):44-48. [Zhang Song. Theory and practice of historic environment preservation in Japan[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology), 2000(S1):44-48.]
|
[34] |
怀特汉德,宋峰,邓洁.城市形态区域化与城镇历史景观[J].中国园 林,2010,26(9):53-58. [Whitehand J W R, Song Feng, Deng Jie. Urban morphological regionalization and historical urban landscapes[J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2010,26(9):53-58.]
|
[35] |
张蕾.国外城市形态学研究及其启示[J].人文地理,2010,25(3):90-95. [Zhang Lei. A review on urban morphology studies of the western countries and its enlightenment[J]. Human Geography, 2010,25 (3):90-95.]
|
[24] |
阮仪三,邵甬.精益求精返璞归真——周庄古镇保护规划[J].城市 规划,1999(7):53-56. [RuanYisan, Shao Yong. Meticulous work back to nature: Conservation planning of Zhouzhuang historical town[J]. City Planning Review, 1999(7):53-56.]
|
[28] |
张松.国外文物登录制度的特征与意义[J].新建筑,1999(1):31-35.[Zhang Song. Qualifications and significance of national register of cultural properties in foreign countries[J]. New Architecture, 1999 (1):31-35.]
|
[36] |
Gregory D, Johnston R, Pratt G, et al. The Dictionary of Human Geography[M]. Malden: JohnWiley & Sons, 2009:327-328.
|
[25] |
王景慧.历史文化名城的保护内容及方法[J].城市规划,1996(1): 15-17. [Wang Jinghui. Conservation contents and methods of chinese historical and cultural cities[J]. City Planning Review, 1996(1): 15-17.]
|
[29] |
张松,镇雪锋.历史性城市景观——一条通向城市保护的新路径[J].同济大学学报(社会科学版),2011,22(3):29-34. [Zhang Song, Zhen Xuefeng. Historic urban landscape: A new approach to urban conservation[J]. Journal of Tongji University (Social Science Section), 2011,22(3):29-34.]
|
[37] |
Conzen M R G. Morphogenesis, morphological regions and secular human agency in the historic townscape, as exemplified by ludlow[G]//Conzen M R G, Conzen M P. Thinking about Urban Form: Papers on Urban Morphology, 1932—1998. NewYork: Peter Lang, 2004:116-142.
|
[26] |
王景慧.历史文化村镇的保护与规划[J].小城镇建设,2010(4):44-49. [Wang Jinghui. Conservation and planning of historical and cultural towns and villages[J]. Development of Small Cities & Towns, 2010(4):44-49.]
|
[30] |
张兵.历史城镇整体保护中的关联性与系统方法——对历史性城 市景观概念的观察和思考[J]. 城市规划,2014,38(S2):42-48.[Zhang Bing. Correlativity and systematic approach in integral conservation of historic city: Understanding historic urban landscape in china's context[J]. City Planning Review, 2014,38(S2):42-48.]
|
[38] |
Whitehand J WR, Whitehand S M. The physical fabric of town centres: The agents of change[J]. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 1984,9(2):231-247.
|
[27] |
张松.日本历史环境保护的理论与实践[J].清华大学学报(自然科 学版),2000(S1):44-48. [Zhang Song. Theory and practice of historic environment preservation in Japan[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology), 2000(S1):44-48.]
|
[31] |
张松,镇雪锋.澳门历史性城市景观保护策略探讨[J].城市规划, 2014,38(S1):91-96. [Zhang Song, Zhen Xuefeng. Study on the conservation strategies for the historic urban landscapes in Macao[J]. City Planning Review, 2014,38(S1):91-96.]
|
[39] |
Conzen M R G.城镇平面格局分析:诺森伯兰郡安尼克案例研究[M].宋峰,许立言,侯安阳,等,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011: 3. [Conzen M R G. Alnwick, Northumberland: A Study in Town-Plan Analysis[M]. Song Feng, Xu Liyan, Hou Anyang, et al, trans. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2011:3.]
|
[28] |
张松.国外文物登录制度的特征与意义[J].新建筑,1999(1):31-35.[Zhang Song. Qualifications and significance of national register of cultural properties in foreign countries[J]. New Architecture, 1999 (1):31-35.]
|
[32] |
赵霞.基于历史性城市景观的浙北运河聚落整体性保护方法—— 以嘉兴名城保护规划为例[J].城市发展研究,2014,21(8):37-43.[Zhao Xia. The comprehensive protection approach for the grand canal settlements in north Zhejiang province based on the concept of historic urban landscape: A case study of Jiaxing[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2014,21(8):37-43.]
|
[40] |
Karl K. Ambiguity in the definition of built form[J]. Urban Morphology, 2014,18(1):41-57.
|
[29] |
张松,镇雪锋.历史性城市景观——一条通向城市保护的新路径[J].同济大学学报(社会科学版),2011,22(3):29-34. [Zhang Song, Zhen Xuefeng. Historic urban landscape: A new approach to urban conservation[J]. Journal of Tongji University (Social Science Section), 2011,22(3):29-34.]
|
[33] |
杨涛.历史性城镇景观视角下的街区保护方法探索——以拉萨八 廓街保护实践为例[J].城市规划通讯,2015(4):15-16. [Yang Tao. Conservation method exploration under the perspective of historic urban landscape: Case study of Bakuo Street conservation practice in Lhasa[J]. Urban Planning Newsreport, 2015(4):15-16.]
|
[41] |
Whitehand J W R, Gu Kai. Urban conservation in China: Historical development, current practice and morphological approach[J]. Town Planning Review, 2007,78(5):643-670.
|
[30] |
张兵.历史城镇整体保护中的关联性与系统方法——对历史性城 市景观概念的观察和思考[J]. 城市规划,2014,38(S2):42-48.[Zhang Bing. Correlativity and systematic approach in integral conservation of historic city: Understanding historic urban landscape in china's context[J]. City Planning Review, 2014,38(S2):42-48.]
|
[34] |
怀特汉德,宋峰,邓洁.城市形态区域化与城镇历史景观[J].中国园 林,2010,26(9):53-58. [Whitehand J W R, Song Feng, Deng Jie. Urban morphological regionalization and historical urban landscapes[J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2010,26(9):53-58.]
|
[35] |
张蕾.国外城市形态学研究及其启示[J].人文地理,2010,25(3):90-95. [Zhang Lei. A review on urban morphology studies of the western countries and its enlightenment[J]. Human Geography, 2010,25 (3):90-95.]
|
[42] |
Whitehand J W R, Gu Kai, Whitehand S, et al. Urban morphology and conservation in China [J]. Cites, 2011,28(2):171-185.
|
[31] |
张松,镇雪锋.澳门历史性城市景观保护策略探讨[J].城市规划, 2014,38(S1):91-96. [Zhang Song, Zhen Xuefeng. Study on the conservation strategies for the historic urban landscapes in Macao[J]. City Planning Review, 2014,38(S1):91-96.]
|
[36] |
Gregory D, Johnston R, Pratt G, et al. The Dictionary of Human Geography[M]. Malden: JohnWiley & Sons, 2009:327-328.
|
[43] |
Little S E. The Story of Kuling[M]. Jiujiang: Lushan Library, 1898: 1-43.
|
[32] |
赵霞.基于历史性城市景观的浙北运河聚落整体性保护方法—— 以嘉兴名城保护规划为例[J].城市发展研究,2014,21(8):37-43.[Zhao Xia. The comprehensive protection approach for the grand canal settlements in north Zhejiang province based on the concept of historic urban landscape: A case study of Jiaxing[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2014,21(8):37-43.]
|
[37] |
Conzen M R G. Morphogenesis, morphological regions and secular human agency in the historic townscape, as exemplified by ludlow[G]//Conzen M R G, Conzen M P. Thinking about Urban Form: Papers on Urban Morphology, 1932—1998. NewYork: Peter Lang, 2004:116-142.
|
[44] |
Caniggia G, Maffei G L. Architectural Composition and Building Typology: Interpreting Basic Building[M]. Fraser S J, trans. Firenze: Firenze Alinea, 2001:243-244.
|
[33] |
杨涛.历史性城镇景观视角下的街区保护方法探索——以拉萨八 廓街保护实践为例[J].城市规划通讯,2015(4):15-16. [Yang Tao. Conservation method exploration under the perspective of historic urban landscape: Case study of Bakuo Street conservation practice in Lhasa[J]. Urban Planning Newsreport, 2015(4):15-16.]
|
[38] |
Whitehand J WR, Whitehand S M. The physical fabric of town centres: The agents of change[J]. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 1984,9(2):231-247.
|
[45] |
Louis H. Die geographische Gliederung von Gross-Berlin[G]//Louis H, Panzer W. Landerkundliche Forschung: Krebs-Festschrift. Stuttgart: Engelhorn, 1936:146-171.
|
[34] |
怀特汉德,宋峰,邓洁.城市形态区域化与城镇历史景观[J].中国园 林,2010,26(9):53-58. [Whitehand J W R, Song Feng, Deng Jie. Urban morphological regionalization and historical urban landscapes[J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2010,26(9):53-58.]
|
[35] |
张蕾.国外城市形态学研究及其启示[J].人文地理,2010,25(3):90-95. [Zhang Lei. A review on urban morphology studies of the western countries and its enlightenment[J]. Human Geography, 2010,25 (3):90-95.]
|
[39] |
Conzen M R G.城镇平面格局分析:诺森伯兰郡安尼克案例研究[M].宋峰,许立言,侯安阳,等,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011: 3. [Conzen M R G. Alnwick, Northumberland: A Study in Town-Plan Analysis[M]. Song Feng, Xu Liyan, Hou Anyang, et al, trans. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2011:3.]
|
[46] |
Whitehand J W R, Morton N J. Fringe belts and the recycling of urban land: An academic concept and planning practice[J]. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 2003,30(6):819-839.
|
[36] |
Gregory D, Johnston R, Pratt G, et al. The Dictionary of Human Geography[M]. Malden: JohnWiley & Sons, 2009:327-328.
|
[40] |
Karl K. Ambiguity in the definition of built form[J]. Urban Morphology, 2014,18(1):41-57.
|
[37] |
Conzen M R G. Morphogenesis, morphological regions and secular human agency in the historic townscape, as exemplified by ludlow[G]//Conzen M R G, Conzen M P. Thinking about Urban Form: Papers on Urban Morphology, 1932—1998. NewYork: Peter Lang, 2004:116-142.
|
[41] |
Whitehand J W R, Gu Kai. Urban conservation in China: Historical development, current practice and morphological approach[J]. Town Planning Review, 2007,78(5):643-670.
|
[38] |
Whitehand J WR, Whitehand S M. The physical fabric of town centres: The agents of change[J]. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 1984,9(2):231-247.
|
[42] |
Whitehand J W R, Gu Kai, Whitehand S, et al. Urban morphology and conservation in China [J]. Cites, 2011,28(2):171-185.
|
[39] |
Conzen M R G.城镇平面格局分析:诺森伯兰郡安尼克案例研究[M].宋峰,许立言,侯安阳,等,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011: 3. [Conzen M R G. Alnwick, Northumberland: A Study in Town-Plan Analysis[M]. Song Feng, Xu Liyan, Hou Anyang, et al, trans. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2011:3.]
|
[43] |
Little S E. The Story of Kuling[M]. Jiujiang: Lushan Library, 1898: 1-43.
|
[40] |
Karl K. Ambiguity in the definition of built form[J]. Urban Morphology, 2014,18(1):41-57.
|
[44] |
Caniggia G, Maffei G L. Architectural Composition and Building Typology: Interpreting Basic Building[M]. Fraser S J, trans. Firenze: Firenze Alinea, 2001:243-244.
|
[41] |
Whitehand J W R, Gu Kai. Urban conservation in China: Historical development, current practice and morphological approach[J]. Town Planning Review, 2007,78(5):643-670.
|
[45] |
Louis H. Die geographische Gliederung von Gross-Berlin[G]//Louis H, Panzer W. Landerkundliche Forschung: Krebs-Festschrift. Stuttgart: Engelhorn, 1936:146-171.
|
[42] |
Whitehand J W R, Gu Kai, Whitehand S, et al. Urban morphology and conservation in China [J]. Cites, 2011,28(2):171-185.
|
[46] |
Whitehand J W R, Morton N J. Fringe belts and the recycling of urban land: An academic concept and planning practice[J]. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 2003,30(6):819-839.
|
|
|
|